Understanding kratom—a plant with dose-dependent stimulant and opioid-like effects—its addiction potential, and the ongoing debate about its safety and regulation.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia, particularly Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. For centuries, workers in these regions chewed kratom leaves for energy and pain relief.
The leaves contain over 40 compounds, but two are primarily responsible for its effects: mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. These alkaloids bind to the same opioid receptors in the brain as drugs like morphine and heroin, though they also interact with other receptor systems.
In the United States, kratom is typically sold as a powder, capsule, or extract. It's marketed as a dietary supplement, energy booster, or "natural" alternative for pain andopioid withdrawal. However, the FDA has not approved kratom for any medical use and has expressed concerns about its safety.
One of kratom's unique characteristics is its dose-dependent effects. At different doses, it can act as either a stimulant or a sedative/analgesic.
| Dose | Amount | Primary Effects | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low | 1-5 grams | Stimulant-like: increased energy, alertness, sociability | 2-3 hours |
| Moderate | 5-8 grams | Mixed: mild euphoria, pain relief, relaxation | 3-5 hours |
| High | 8-15 grams | Opioid-like: sedation, strong euphoria, pain relief | 5-6 hours |
| Very High | 15+ grams | Dangerous sedation, nausea, risk of overdose | Variable |
Regular kratom use leads to tolerance andphysical dependence. Withdrawal symptoms include muscle aches, irritability, insomnia, nausea, and cravings.
Unregulated products may contain heavy metals, bacteria (Salmonella outbreaks have occurred), or be adulterated with other substances.
Kratom can interact dangerously with other substances, including opioids,benzodiazepines, alcohol, and many medications.
The FDA has linked kratom to dozens of deaths. Most involved other substances, but some cases involved kratom as the only substance detected.
Kratom's legal status varies by location and continues to evolve:
Kratom is legal for adults in New York. However, it is not regulated for quality, purity, or safety. There are no FDA-approved uses.
Kratom is not a controlled substance federally. In 2016, the DEA proposed scheduling kratom but withdrew the proposal after public backlash. It remains on the DEA's "Drugs and Chemicals of Concern" list.
Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, and several cities/counties have banned kratom. Always check local laws before purchasing or possessing.
Signs and treatment options
FDA classification article
Opioid drug class overview
In-depth, Long Island–focused education on kratom and 7-OH withdrawal, detox, overdose risk, and how kratom compares with opioid medications.
Get answers to common questions about our 24/7 crisis helpline and addiction support services.
Still have questions? Our crisis counselors are available 24/7.
Call 631-762-3763This page contains information sourced from peer-reviewed medical literature, federal health agencies, and accredited medical institutions to ensure accuracy and compliance with E-E-A-T (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness) standards.
The information provided on this page is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. This page does not provide medical diagnoses, treatment prescriptions, or clinical recommendations. Always consult with qualified healthcare professionals for diagnosis and treatment of substance use disorders. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 immediately.
This content was written by certified addiction professionals and reviewed by licensed medical practitioners to ensure accuracy and adherence to current clinical guidelines. Last fact-checked: July 6, 2026.
If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, you can reach our 24/7 confidential Long Island Rehab Helpline at 631-762-3763 for free, confidential information and treatment referral.